Annular Solar Eclipse of 1984 May 30
in the United State of America
After the marvelous 1966 May 20 annular, the east coast of the United States of America got a peek at a "broken" annular solar eclipse on 1984 May 30. This eclipse was also visible in Mexico, Morocco and Algeria, however wasn’t "broken" anymore at these locations hence less enticing to travel to. On this occasion it was possible to accurately measure the path position of the Moon’s antumbra and to control the lunar limb profile. Such observations were already executed during the hybrid solar eclipses on 1912 April 17 near Paris in France and 1930 April 28 near Camptonville in California, both eclipses belonging to the same saros 137. The two following eclipses of this saros, the 1948 May 9 annular in Japan and the famous 1966 May 20 annular in Greece or Turkey, provided the exact same opportunity.
In the USA, most of the observers went to locations between Atlanta, Georgia, and Greensboro, South Carolina, to optimize for both the magnitude at maximum and the clear sky. The next "broken" annular solar eclipses offering a similar opportunity are 2146 March 12 in Haiti or Jamaica and 2191 April 23 in Canada or the Arctic! The one in June 2020 comes close but not quite sufficient.
Larry had planned to view from the Atlantic beaches of Virginia, but rain there the day before the eclipse forced him to take I-85 toward Atlanta in search for better weather. The path for being located within the path was a very narrow 5.25 miles, and being directly on the centerline was a gamble, so he plotted the centerline according to the coordinates from a USNO Eclipse Circular and a local map we purchased out of a machine, which luckily had latitude and longitude on it. To image the maximum phase Larry used a 1200mm Bausch & Lomb Criterion 4000 mirror lens at f/12, unfiltered only around the maximum. This eclipse was never completely annular at this location, hence a "broken" annular.
Larry Stevens viewing location in Greer, South Carolina
Serie of photographs around maximum (courtesy of Larry Stevens)
We have an absolute match between the actual photographs taken on 1984 May 30th by Larry Stevens in Greer, South Carolina, and the simulation.
Baily’s beads simulation from Greer, the viewing location of Larry Stevens in South Carolina
(created with Solar Eclipse Maestro)
Glenn Schneider in Pendleton, South Carolina:
On the map below one can see the area around the centerline along I-85 that many eclipse chasers drove on that day. Glenn and his friends did the same when they drove in the morning from Greenville to Pendleton to leave the cloud cover behind. Thanks to Howard for pointing us to the exact location in his archives 32 years later; then with some more forensics we managed to pinpoint the location to about 50 meters (160 feet) knowing that the area next to the Milliken plant has changed quite a bit while extensions were built over the years. It is worth noting that the 2017 August 21st total solar eclipse centerline will cross the 1984 annular one at only about five kilometers (about three miles) from this place.
Glenn Schneider viewing location in Pendleton, South Carolina
Glenn at his viewing location in front of the Milliken plant in Pendleton, South Carolina (courtesy of Glenn Schneider)
Glenn Schneider took an unfiltered image sequence with a 400mm lens at f/32 on 35mm Ektachrome 64 film. This eclipse was never completely annular at this location, hence a "broken" annular.
Serie of photographs around maximum (courtesy of Glenn Schneider)
Again the Baily’s beads simulation matches the photographs taken on 1984 May 30th by Glenn Schneider in Pendleton next to the Milliken plant.
Baily’s beads simulation from in Pendleton, the viewing location of Glenn Schneider in South Carolina
(created with Solar Eclipse Maestro)
Fred Espenak next to Greensboro airport, North Carolina:
On the map below one can see the area around the centerline southwest of the airport.
Fred Espenak viewing location next to Greensboro airport, North Carolina
Fred Espenak used a 1200mm Bausch & Lomb Criterion 4000 mirror lens at f/12, unfiltered only around the maximum. This eclipse was never completely annular at this location, hence a "broken" annular.
Again a good match that is also visible on the complete animation below.
Baily’s beads simulation next to Greensboro airport, the viewing location of Fred Espenak in North Carolina
(created with Solar Eclipse Maestro)
Robert Slobins north of Boiling Springs, South Carolina:
Robert Slobins was located to the north of Boiling Springs, South Carolina, at the intersection of River Oak and Rainbow Lake Roads, location shown on the map below. The original plan was to view near the maximum point in Petersburg, VA. However, a cold front stalled off the coast and clouds covered the path east of Greensboro, NC. Therefore, eclipse chasers got the word from Joe Rao and sped towards Atlanta for clear skies.
Robert Slobins viewing location near Boiling Springs, South Carolina
Once more the Baily’s beads simulation matches the photographs taken on 1984 May 30th by Robert Slobins near Boiling Springs, South Carolina. This eclipse was never completely annular at this location, hence a "broken" annular.
Baily’s beads simulation from the north of Boiling Springs, the viewing location of Robert Slobins in South Carolina
(created with Solar Eclipse Maestro)
David Harrington in the vicinity of Atlanta, Georgia:
David Harrington was located to the northwest of North Druid Hills, Georgia, at the location shown on the map below.
David Harrington viewing location near North Druid Hills, Georgia
Photograph courtesy of David Harrington – Baily’s beads simulation created by Xavier M. Jubier with Solar Eclipse Maestro
Once more the Baily’s beads simulation matches the photograph taken on 1984 May 30th by David Harrington near North Druid Hills, Georgia. This eclipse was never completely annular at this location, hence a "broken" annular.
Baily’s beads simulation from the northwest of North Druid Hills, the viewing location of David Harrington in Georgia
(created with Solar Eclipse Maestro)
Richard Sanderson at Lake Norman of Catawba, North Carolina:
Richard Sanderson viewing location in Lake Norman of Catawba, North Carolina
Richard Sanderson took the following picture using a Roger Tuthill’s Solar Skreen filter (well known at the time with lots of advertising in Sky & Telescope magazine). The image used here is a quick iPhone picture of the black and white print he made from a severely underexposed Kodachrome slide. This eclipse was never completely annular at this location, hence a "broken" annular.
Maximum (courtesy of Richard Sanderson)
Again the Baily’s beads simulation matches the photograph taken on 1984 May 30th by Richard Sanderson at Lake Norman of Catawba. The main beads or arc of beads are in place, and the gaps as well where the light intensity is lower.
Baily’s beads simulation from the Lake Norman of Catawba, the viewing location of Richard Sanderson in North carolina
(created with Solar Eclipse Maestro)
Jörg Schoppmeyer near Ouled Nemma, Morocco:
Jörg Schoppmeyer was located to the south of Ouled Nemma, Morocco, at the location shown on the map below. As you can see this eclipse is there fully annular and not a "broken" annular.
Jörg Schoppmeyer viewing location near Ouled Nemma, Morocco
Photograph courtesy of Jörg Schoppmeyer – Baily’s beads simulation created by Xavier M. Jubier with Solar Eclipse Maestro