Solar, Lunar and Planets Ephemerides
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Note :
* ΔT values from year 1620 onward are taken from a table based on F.R. Stephenson & L.V. Morrison (1984) work studying historical records. In modern times values are essentially based on VLB (Very Long Baseline) observations of radio sources such as quasars. Values since 1973 are given by the following formula ΔT = TAI - UT1 + 32.184 sec = (TAI - UTC) - (UT1 - UTC) + 32.184 sec.
Values prior to year 1620 are computed using the following formulas :
ΔT (sec) = 2177 + 497 * u + 44.1 * u² (u = centuries from 2000) for years between -391 BCE and +948 CE
ΔT (sec) = 102 + 102 * u + 25.3 * u² (u = centuries from 2000) for years between +948 CE and +1600 CE
from Jean Chapront, Michelle Chapront-Touzé & G. Francou (1997), using a Moon’s secular acceleration value (n') of -25.7376"/cy² (where cy is given in centuries).
Future values of ΔT can be estimated at best.
Note :
The elongation is the angular distance of the object from the Sun. If less than 20 degrees, the celestial body can hardly be seen, and at less than 10 degrees the celestial body is practically indiscernible.
Moon |
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Mercury |
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Constellation where the Sun is located :
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Venus |
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Mars |
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Jupiter |
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Saturn |
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Uranus |
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Neptune |
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Pluto (*) |
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True north-based azimuths |
North |
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0° |
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North-Northeast |
22° |
30' |
Northeast |
45° |
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East-Northeast |
67° |
30' |
East |
90° |
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East-Southeast |
112° |
30' |
Southeast |
135° |
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South-Southeast |
157° |
30' |
South |
180° |
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South-Southwest |
202° |
30' |
Southwest |
225° |
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West-Southwest |
247° |
30' |
West |
270° |
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West-Northwest |
292° |
30' |
Northwest |
315° |
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North-Northwest |
337° |
30' |
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Mercury |
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Moon |
Venus |
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Mars |
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Jupiter |
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Saturn |
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Uranus |
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Neptune |
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Pluto (*) |
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Table for an angular separation lower than 20° : |
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Sun |
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Moon |
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Mercury |
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Venus |
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Mars |
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Jupiter |
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Saturn |
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Uranus |
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Neptune |
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Pluto (*) |
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Note :
(*) During the 26th International Astronomical Union (IAU) General Assembly, on 2006 August 24, Pluto was demoted to a new "dwarf planet" class of objects.
The formulas used can be found in the "Calculs Astronomiques à l’usage des amateurs" book by Jean Meeus
[ISBN 2-901730-03-6] 1986 Edition, Société Astronomique de France.
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